SWBF's rendering engine uses Shadow Volumes for it's shadows. What this means is that the mesh for the shadow is seperate and different from the main mesh. And in order for your model to have shadows you must make the shadow mesh.
modelmunge will handle the actual Shadow Volume generation for you. You just have to make sure you follow a couple rules.
The first is that any shadow mesh in your scene should begin with "sv_", this will mark it as a Shadow Volume.
Next your the mesh for your Shadow Volume should form a completely enclosed mesh. It should have no gaps that let you see inside it.
Finally because of the way Shadow Volumes work for performance concerns it can be advisable to not have your shadow mesh be full detail and instead have it be a reasonable (and believeable of course) low-resolution approxomation of your real mesh.
That's all there is to it. Basically just make sure your shadow meshes' object names start with "sv_", they're enclosed and not wasteful with their polygons. The exporter and then modelmunge will take care of everything from there.
In .msh files any object starting with "terraincutter" results in it "cutting" terrain when it is used as a prop in Zero Editor. Below the results of this can be seen for a cube named "terraincutter_Cube".
For anything that isn't a player model (they get their own collision from the game) or a weapon you'll probably want it to have collision so the player can actually interact with it.
Pandemic's orginal documentation for collision reccomends Collision Primitives wherever possible
and Collision Meshes where you need accuracy.
All collision objects are created by giving an object a special name. Either "collision_\[-flags-\]meshname" for meshes or "p_\[-flags-\]primitivename" for primitives. The Collision Flags are optional.
| Name Examples |
|:------------------ |
| p_-tb-cylinder |
| p_cube |
| collision_-os-mesh |
| collision_mesh |
There is a limit of 64 collision objects per model file. Collision meshes are merged by modelmunge and as a result they only ever take up one slot.
> NOTE: The limit for collision primitives in SWBF1 is 32.
object and are preferred to collision meshes whenever reasonable.
Unfortunately Blender does not seam to have a way to just have a Sphere, Cylinder or Box based on it's dimensions. It has to be a mesh. This a problem because the game defines collision primitives based on their type and dimensions.
In order to provide support for exporting them the addon requires you to follow some conventions.
First all collision primitive objects must start with "P_", this let's the addon know the object is a collision primitive.
Next the object must contain one of the below strings in "Possible Name" column to let the addon know the shape it should use for the primitive. So "p_hitbox" would define a box primitive, whereas "p_icosphere_crithit" would define a sphere primitive.
| Type | Possible Name |
|:--------:|:---------------------------:|
| sphere | "sphere", "sphr" or "spr" |
| cylinder | "cylinder", "cyln" or "cyl" |
| box | "box", "cube" or "cuboid" |
Finally the addon will grab the dimensions of the object and use those as the size of primitive. If the dimenions do not make sense for a primitive type (for instance if the dimensions of a sphere indicate would define it as an ellipsoid) then an error will be raised on export in order to prevent you exporting collision that does not match your visual representation of it.
### Collision Meshes
Collision meshes are for when Collision Primitives are not able to represent the collision accurately. They should be a low-resolution version of the original mesh. In order to provide accurate collisions they should completely enclose the original mesh. (That is no face in the collision mesh should dip below a face in the original mesh.)
A useful tool for quickly making collision meshes is the [Convex Hull](https://docs.blender.org/manual/en/latest/modeling/meshes/editing/vertices.html#convex-hull) vertex tool. For plenty of meshes the convex hull of the mesh will provide believable collisions ingame, be fast to make (you just need to make a copy of the mesh and then Blender can do it for you), perform well and use little memory.
Collision meshes are combined by modelmunge. So if two collision meshes have conflicting flags (like "collision_-os-mesh0" and "collision_-v-mesh1") it is unspecified which flags will be used. If one of the meshes does not have flags like (like "collision_-os-mesh0" and "collision_mesh1") then it's flags will become that of the other mesh.
Furthermore because collision meshes are combined by modelmunge they can not be animated/moved at runtime (they'll move, just all as one part and relative to the objects root only). If you need moving parts (for say a turret on a vehicle) to have collision you must use Collision Primitives.
### Collision Flags
| Flag | Meaning |
|:----:|:----------------------------------- |
| s | Collides with soldiers. |
| v | Collides with vehicles. |
| b | Collides with buildings/props. |
| t | Collides with terrain. |
| o | Collides with ordnance/projectiles. |
> NOTE: SWBF1 does not support the collision flags naming scheme and must instead explicitly call out primitves as being only for soldiers/projectiles/etc in the .odf.
### Vehicles and Collision
Vehicles have a couple special cases with collision. Below there are going to be some references to .odf files since they are where the special cases come from. Explaining .odf files and there place in SWBF's toolchain is outside the scope of this documentation.
The first is that the collision the AI aim at can be customized by setting "TargetableCollision" in the vehicles .odf to the name of a Collision Primitive. Nothing will actually collide with the set primitive. However units inside the "targetable" Collision Primitive will be able to enter the vehicle as though they were touching it.
The second is that if the vehicle has "Body Springs" (through "AddSpringBody" in .odfs) then the collision flags of both Collision Primitives and Collision Meshes will be ignored. Furthermore they actually won't be used at all unless explictly called out in the .odf. The following properties must be used to manually reference all of the vehicles collision primitives.
Using them in your .odf is as simple as using any other .odf property.
```
SoldierCollision = "p_-s-cube"
```
To reference a Collision Mesh using these properties you must do the following. Using the name of the Collision Mesh from Blender/.msh file will not work.
```
SoldierCollision = "CollisionMesh"
```
> NOTE: The above is also how collision primitives must be setup in SWBF1.
Finally vehicles can also set a Collision Primitve to be their "critical hit" spot using "HitLocation" in the .odf.
```
HitLocation = "p_icosphere_crithit 3.0" // The trailing number is the damage multiplier for the critical hit.
> TODO: Document what rendertypes/flags are multipass and cause the model to be drawn more than once. And explain the implications of that.
### Materials.Rendertype
Rendertypes in .msh materials confer unique information about how the material. Such as
if the materials textures scroll or if the material has an environment map.
> One could argue that "rendertype" should be stylized as "render type". I thought about that and decided I'd rather spend time writing the addon than thinking about that.
#### Materials.Rendertype.Normal (SWBF2)
Basic material.
Can optionally have a Detail Map. Tiling for the detail map can specified with Detail Map Tiling U and Detail Map Tiling V.
#### Materials.Rendertype.Scrolling (SWBF2)
Like Normal except the textures have scrolling. Useful for water, monitors with scrolling content, interlaced holograms, etc.
Scroll speed and direction is specified with Scroll Speed U and Scroll Speed V.
Can optionally have a Detail Map. The Detail Map will not be affected by scrolling.
#### Materials.Rendertype.Envmapped (SWBF2)
Uses an Environment Map to show reflections on the model. Useful for anything you want to look reflective or
metallic.
The reflections from the Environment Map are affected by Specular Colour. And if Specular Material Flag is checked then reflections will be affected by the Gloss Map.
Can optionally have a Detail Map. Tiling for the detail map can specified with Detail Map Tiling U and Detail Map Tiling V.
#### Materials.Rendertype.Animated (SWBF2)
Use an animated texture. The animation's frames should be packed into NxN squares where N is the square root of the number of frames in the animation. So a 25 frame animation should be packed into 5x5 squares in the Diffuse Map.
Set frame count with Animation Length and frame rate with Animation Speed.
Can optionally have a Detail Map. The Detail Map will not be subject to animation.
#### Materials.Rendertype.Refraction (SWBF2)
Distorts/refracts the scene behind the material.
The Diffuse Map's alpha channel controls the visibility of the scene while the Distortion Map controls the distortion.
When distortion is not needed but transparency is the Normal rendertype should be used as this one comes at a performance cost.
The Material Flags are not exposed by the addon for this rendertype as most are unsupported by it. The Blended Transparency flag is supported and **required** but is set automatically by the addon.
#### Materials.Rendertype.Blink (SWBF2)
Oscillates the diffuse strength of the material between full strength and a supplied strength.
Blink Minimum Brightness sets the strength of the material's diffuse at the bottom of the "blink". Blink Speed sets the speed of the blinking.
Can optionally have a Detail Map.
#### Materials.Rendertype.Normalmapped (SWBF2)
Enables the use of a Normal Map with the material.
Can optionally have a Detail Map. Tiling for the detail map can specified with Detail Map Tiling U and Detail Map Tiling V.
Enables the use of a Normal Map with the material.
Uses an Environment Map to show reflections on the model. Useful for anything you want to look reflective or
metallic.
The reflections from the Environment Map are affected by Specular Colour. And if Specular Material Flag is checked then reflections will be affected by the Gloss Map.
Can optionally have a Detail Map. Tiling for the detail map can specified with Detail Map Tiling U and Detail Map Tiling V.
Enables the use of a Normal Map with the material. Tiling for the normal map can be controlled with Normal Map Tiling U and Normal Map Tiling V
Uses an Environment Map to show reflections on the model. Useful for anything you want to look reflective or
metallic.
The reflections from the Environment Map are affected by Specular Colour. And if Specular Material Flag is checked then reflections will be affected by the Gloss Map.
Can optionally have a Detail Map.
This rendertype also enables per-pixel lighting.
### Materials.Transparency Flags
> TODO: Improve this section.
#### Materials.Transparency Flags.Blended
Regular alpha blended transparency.
#### Materials.Transparency Flags.Additive
Additive transparency, objects behind the material will appear brighter because the material will be "added" on top of the scene.
#### Materials.Transparency Flags.Hardedged
Hardedged/alpha cutout/clip transparency. Any point on the material with an alpha value below the threshold of 0.5/0x80/128 will be discarded. Useful for leaves, flowers, wire fences and all sorts.
### Materials.Flags
#### Materials.Flags.Unlit
Makes the material unlit/emissive. Useful for anything that is meant to be giving light but not reflecting any/much.
Same as 'Unlit' but also enables the use of a Glow Map in the diffuse texture's alpha channel. The material will be significantly significantly brightened based on how opaque the Glow Map is.
Note that despite the name this doesn't automatically create "glowing" materials. What it does do is let you brighten a material enough so that it'll pass the game's bloom threshold (which is set by the map) and then the bloom effect will cause it to "glow".
Calculate lighting per-pixel instead of per-vertex for diffuse lighting.
#### Materials.Flags.Specular Lighting
Use specular lighting as well as diffuse lighting. A Gloss Map in the diffuse map's and normal map's alpha channel can be used to attenuate the specular lighting's strength. (More transparent = less strong).
The Specular Colour controls the colour of the reflected specular highlights, like the diffuse map but for specular lighting and global across the material.
#### Materials.Flags.Doublesided
Disable backface culling, causing both sides of the surface to be drawn. Usually only the front facing surface is drawn.
The basic diffuse map for the material. The alpha channel is either the Transparency Map, Glow Map or Gloss Map, depending on the selected rendertype and flags.
#### Materials.Texture Maps.Detail Map
Detail maps allow you to add in 'detail' to the Diffuse Map at runtime.
Or they can be used as fake ambient occlusion maps or even wacky emissive maps.
See Appendix Detail Map Blending for a rundown of the details of how they're blended in
with the Diffuse Map.
#### Materials.Texture Maps.Normal Map
Normal maps can provide added detail from lighting. They work much the same way as in any other game/application that uses Tangent Space Normal Maps. See Appendix Normal Map Example if you require a rundown of Normal Maps.
If Specular is enabled the alpha channel will be the Gloss Map.
#### Materials.Texture Maps.Environment Map
Environment map for the material. Used to provide static reflections for the model. Must be a cubemap, see Appendix Cubemap Layout.
#### Materials.Texture Maps.Distortion Map
Distortion maps control how Refractive materials distort the scene behind them. Should be a Normal Map with '-forceformat v8u8' in it's '.tga.option' file. See Appendix .tga.option Files.
## Appendices
### Appendix Detail Map Blending
> TODO: Write this section (with pretty pictures).
### Appendix Normal Map Example
> TODO: Write this section (with pretty pictures).
### Appendix Cubemap Layout
> TODO: Write this section (with layout reference).
