removed old folders
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REMOVE ME BEFORE USING!!
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# Comboot modules:
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# * menu.c32 - provides a text menu
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# * vesamenu.c32 - provides a graphical menu
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# * chain.c32 - chainload MBRs, partition boot sectors, Windows bootloaders
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# * hdt.c32 - hardware detection tool
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# * reboot.c32 - reboots the system
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#
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# To Use: Copy the respective files from /usr/lib/syslinux to /boot/syslinux.
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# If /usr and /boot are on the same file system, symlink the files instead
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# of copying them.
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#
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# If you do not use a menu, a 'boot:' prompt will be shown and the system
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# will boot automatically after 5 seconds.
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#
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# Note: A ^ in a label before a character means one can use that to quickly select it.
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#
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# HELPFUL SOURCES
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# http://www.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php?title=The_Syslinux_Project
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# https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Syslinux
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# The wikis provides further configuration examples
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# search path for the c32 support libraries (libcom32, libutil etc.)
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PATH
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# Need this for images as backgrounds
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DEFAULT vesamenu.c32
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# If 1 it'd present the boot prompt
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PROMPT 0
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# wait 15 seconds
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TIMEOUT 150
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MENU RESOLUTION 1024 768
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MENU BACKGROUND splash.png
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MENU TITLE Sol-OS
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## Theming
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MENU COLOR border 30;44 #40ffffff #a0000000 std
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MENU COLOR title 1;36;44 #9033ccff #a0000000 std
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MENU COLOR sel 7;37;40 #e0ffffff #20ffffff all
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MENU COLOR unsel 37;44 #50ffffff #a0000000 std
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MENU COLOR help 37;40 #c0ffffff #a0000000 std
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MENU COLOR timeout_msg 37;40 #80ffffff #00000000 std
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MENU COLOR timeout 1;37;40 #c0ffffff #00000000 std
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MENU COLOR msg07 37;40 #90ffffff #a0000000 std
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MENU COLOR tabmsg 31;40 #30ffffff #00000000 std
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## Menu Options
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LABEL solosLive
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MENU label ^Try Sol-OS
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KERNEL /casper/vmlinuz
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APPEND file=/images/filesystem.squashfs boot=casper
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INITRD /casper/initrd.gz quiet splash ---
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LABEL solosInstall
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MENU label ^Install Sol-OS
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KERNEL /casper/vmlinuz
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APPEND file=/images/filesystem.squashfs boot=casper only-ubiquity
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INITRD /casper/initrd.gz quiet splash ---
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MENU SEPARATOR
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LABEL hd
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menu label ^Boot from first hard disk
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localboot 0x80
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LABEL reboot
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MENU LABEL ^Reboot
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COM32 reboot.c32
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#!/bin/bash
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. ../CONFIG
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function main() {
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mkisofs -o ../"${NAME}".iso \
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-b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat \
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-no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table \
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.
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}
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main;
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CREDIT: http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Bootdisk-HOWTO/buildroot.html
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/dev -- Device files, required to perform I/O
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/proc -- Directory stub required by the proc filesystem
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/etc -- System configuration files
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/sbin -- Critical system binaries
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/bin -- Essential binaries considered part of the system
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/lib -- Shared libraries to provide run-time support
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/mnt -- A mount point for maintenance on other disks
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/usr -- Additional utilities and applications
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Three of these directories will be empty on the root filesystem, so they only need to be created with mkdir.
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The /proc directory is basically a stub under which the proc filesystem is placed. The directories /mnt and /usr
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are only mount points for use after the boot/root system is running. Hence again, these directories only need to be created.
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4.3.1. /dev
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A /dev directory containing a special file for all devices to be used by the system is mandatory for any Linux system.
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The directory itself is a normal directory, and can be created with mkdir in the normal way. The device special files,
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however, must be created in a special way, using the mknod command.
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There is a shortcut, though — copy devices files from your existing hard disk /dev directory. The only requirement is
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that you copy the device special files using -R option. This will copy the directory without attempting to copy the contents
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of the files. Be sure to use an upper case R. For example:
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cp -dpR /dev/fd[01]* /mnt/dev
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cp -dpR /dev/tty[0-6] /mnt/dev
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assuming that the diskette is mounted at /mnt. The dp switches ensure that symbolic links are copied as links, rather
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than using the target file, and that the original file attributes are preserved, thus preserving ownership information.
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If you want to do it the hard way, use ls -l to display the major and minor device numbers for the devices you want,
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and create them on the diskette using mknod.
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However the devices files are created, check that any special devices you need have been placed on the rescue diskette.
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For example, ftape uses tape devices, so you will need to copy all of these if you intend to access your floppy tape drive
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from the bootdisk.
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Note that one inode is required for each device special file, and inodes can at times be a scarce resource, especially on
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diskette filesystems. You'll need to be selective about the device files you include. For example, if you do not have SCSI
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disks you can safely ignore /dev/sd*; if you don't intend to use serial ports you can ignore /dev/ttyS*.
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If, in building your root filesystem, you get the error No space left on device but a df command shows space still available,
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you have probably run out of inodes. A df -i will display inode usage.
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Important: Be sure to include the following files from this directory: console, kmem, mem, null, ram0 and tty1.
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4.3.2. /etc
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The /etc directory contains configuration files. What it should contain depends on what programs you intend to run. On most
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systems, these can be divided into three groups:
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Required at all times, e.g. rc, fstab, passwd.
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May be required, but no one is too sure.
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Junk that crept in.
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Files which are not essential can usually be identified with the command:
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ls -ltru
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This lists files in reverse order of date last accessed, so if any files are not being accessed, they can be omitted from
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a root diskette. On my root diskettes, I have the number of config files down to 15. This reduces my work to dealing with
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three sets of files:
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The ones I must configure for a boot/root system:
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rc.d/* -- system startup and run level change scripts
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fstab -- list of file systems to be mounted
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inittab -- parameters for the init process, the first process started at boot time.
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gettydefs -- parameters for the init process, the first process started at boot time.
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The ones I should tidy up for a boot/root system:
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passwd -- Critical list of users, home directories, etc.
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group -- user groups.
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shadow -- passwords of users. You may not have this.
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termcap -- the terminal capability database.
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If security is important, passwd and shadow should be pruned to avoid copying user passwords off the system, and so that
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unwanted logins are rejected when you boot from diskette. Be sure that passwd contains at least root. If you intend other
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users to login, be sure their home directories and shells exist. termcap, the terminal database, is typically several
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hundred kilobytes. The version on your boot/root diskette should be pruned down to contain only the terminal(s) you use,
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which is usually just the linux or linux-console entry. The rest. They work at the moment, so I leave them alone.
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Out of this, I only really have to configure two files, and what they should contain is surprisingly small.
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rc should contain:
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#!/bin/sh
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/bin/mount -av
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/bin/hostname Kangaroo
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Be sure it is executable, be sure it has a "#!" line at the top, and be sure any absolute filenames are correct.
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You don't really need to run hostname — it just looks nicer if you do.
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fstab should contain at least:
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/dev/ram0 / ext2 defaults
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/dev/fd0 / ext2 defaults
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/proc /proc proc defaults
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You can copy entries from your existing fstab, but you should not automatically mount any of your hard disk partitions;
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use the noauto keyword with them. Your hard disk may be damaged or dead when the bootdisk is used.
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Your inittab should be changed so that its sysinit line runs rc or whatever basic boot script will be used.
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Also, if you want to ensure that users on serial ports cannot login, comment out all the entries for getty which include
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a ttys or ttyS device at the end of the line. Leave in the tty ports so that you can login at the console.
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A minimal inittab file looks like this:
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id:2:initdefault:
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si::sysinit:/etc/rc
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1:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty 9600 tty1
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2:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 9600 tty2
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The inittab file defines what the system will run in various states including startup, move to multi-user mode, etc.
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Check carefully the filenames mentioned in inittab; if init cannot find the program mentioned the bootdisk will hang,
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and you may not even get an error message.
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Note that some programs cannot be moved elsewhere because other programs have hardcoded their locations. For example,
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on my system, /etc/shutdown has hardcoded in it /etc/reboot. If I move reboot to /bin/reboot, and then issue a shutdown
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command, it will fail because it cannot find the reboot file.
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For the rest, just copy all the text files in your /etc directory, plus all the executables in your /etc directory that
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you cannot be sure you do not need. As a guide, consult the sample listing in Appendix C. Probably it will suffice to copy
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only those files, but systems differ a great deal, so you cannot be sure that the same set of files on your system is equivalent
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to the files in the list. The only sure method is to start with inittab and work out what is required.
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Most systems now use an /etc/rc.d/ directory containing shell scripts for different run levels. The minimum is a single rc script,
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but it may be simpler just to copy inittab and the /etc/rc.d directory from your existing system, and prune the shell scripts in
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the rc.d directory to remove processing not relevent to a diskette system environment.
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4.3.3. /bin and /sbin
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The /bin directory is a convenient place for extra utilities you need to perform basic operations, utilities such as ls, mv,
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cat and dd. See Appendix C for an example list of files that go in a /bin and /sbin directories. It does not include any of
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the utilities required to restore from backup, such as cpio, tar and gzip. That is because I place these on a separate utility
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diskette, to save space on the boot/root diskette. Once the boot/root diskette is booted, it is copied to the ramdisk leaving
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the diskette drive free to mount another diskette, the utility diskette. I usually mount this as /usr.
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Creation of a utility diskette is described below in Section 9.2. It is probably desirable to maintain a copy of the same version
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of backup utilities used to write the backups so you don't waste time trying to install versions that cannot read your backup tapes.
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Important: Be sure to include the following programs: init, getty or equivalent, login, mount, some shell capable of running
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your rc scripts, a link from sh to the shell.
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4.3.4. /lib
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In /lib you place necessary shared libraries and loaders. If the necessary libraries are not found in your /lib directory then the
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system will be unable to boot. If you're lucky you may see an error message telling you why.
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Nearly every program requires at least the libc library, libc.so.N, where N is the current version number. Check your /lib directory.
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The file libc.so.N is usually a symlink to a filename with a complete version number:
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% ls -l /lib/libc*
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4016683 Apr 16 18:48 libc-2.1.1.so*
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Apr 10 12:25 libc.so.6 -> libc-2.1.1.so*
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In this case, you want libc-2.1.1.so. To find other libraries you should go through all the binaries you plan to include and check
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their dependencies with ldd. For example:
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% ldd /sbin/mke2fs
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libext2fs.so.2 => /lib/libext2fs.so.2 (0x40014000)
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libcom_err.so.2 => /lib/libcom_err.so.2 (0x40026000)
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libuuid.so.1 => /lib/libuuid.so.1 (0x40028000)
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libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x4002c000)
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/lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)
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Each file on the right-hand side is required. The file may be a symbolic link.
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Note that some libraries are quite large and will not fit easily on your root filesystem. For example, the libc.so listed above is
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about 4 meg. You will probably need to strip libraries when copying them to your root filesystem. See Section 8 for instructions.
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In /lib you must also include a loader for the libraries. The loader will be either ld.so (for A.OUT libraries, which are no longer
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common) or ld-linux.so (for ELF libraries). Newer versions of ldd tell you exactly which loader is needed, as in the example above,
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but older versions may not. If you're unsure which you need, run the file command on the library. For example:
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% file /lib/libc.so.4.7.2 /lib/libc.so.5.4.33 /lib/libc-2.1.1.so
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/lib/libc.so.4.7.2: Linux/i386 demand-paged executable (QMAGIC), stripped
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/lib/libc.so.5.4.33: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1, stripped
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/lib/libc-2.1.1.so: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1, not stripped
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The QMAGIC indicates that 4.7.2 is for A.OUT libraries, and ELF indicates that 5.4.33 and 2.1.1 are for ELF.
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Copy the specific loader(s) you need to the root filesystem you're building. Libraries and loaders should be checked carefully against
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the included binaries. If the kernel cannot load a necessary library, the kernel may hang with no error message.
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4.6. Some final details
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Some system programs, such as login, complain if the file /var/run/utmp and the directory /var/log do not exist. So:
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mkdir -p /mnt/var/{log,run}
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touch /mnt/var/run/utmp
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Finally, after you have set up all the libraries you need, run ldconfig to remake /etc/ld.so.cache on the root filesystem.
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The cache tells the loader where to find the libraries. You can do this with:
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ldconfig -r /mnt
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4.7. Wrapping it up
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When you have finished constructing the root filesystem, unmount it, copy it to a file and compress it:
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umount /mnt
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dd if=DEVICE bs=1k | gzip -v9 > rootfs.gz
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When this finishes you will have a file rootfs.gz. This is your compressed root filesystem. You should check its size to
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make sure it will fit on a diskette; if it doesn't you'll have to go back and remove some files. Some suggestions for
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reducing root filesystem size appear in Section 8.
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Notes [1] The directory structure presented here is for root diskette use only. Real Linux systems have a more complex
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and disciplined set of policies, called the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard, for determining where files should go.)
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CREDIT LINK :: https://askubuntu.com/questions/33413/how-to-create-a-meta-package-that-automatically-installs-other-packages
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PERSON :: ajmitch
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A meta-package like this can be created with a tool called equivs which will create a package with just dependency information.
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First, create a directory:
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mkdir my-metapackage
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cd my-metapackage/
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Now run the program:
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equivs-control ns-control
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It will create a file called ns-control, open this file with your text editor. The control file that you generate should have its Depends or Recommends lines modified to depend on the packages that you want installed:
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Section: misc
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Priority: optional
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Standards-Version: 3.9.1
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Package: my-metapackage
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Version: 1.0
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Depends: openssh-server, gedit
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Provides: openssh-server, gedit
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Description: This package installes an ssh server and a text editor
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The Long description of this package ends with a newline!
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(Just an example, you should include more information)
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And finally, build the package by running
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equivs-build ns-control
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Your package is located at my-metapackage/my-metapackage_1.0_all.deb.
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If you wish to also create a source package, the --full option can be passed to equivs-build, e.g. equivs-build --full ns-control. This will use debuild & also create .dsc & .tar.gz files.
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To create a source .changes file that you can upload to a PPA, extract & build the source package with
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dpkg-source -x my-metapackage_1.0.dsc
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cd my-metapackage-1.0
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debuild -S
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If the Maintainer that you set in ns-control matches your GPG key, it should build & sign the my-metapackage_1.0_source.changes file for you to dput to your PPA
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@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
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https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/man7/live-build.7.html
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---- LB CONFIG ----
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https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/man1/lb_config.1.html
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[ During Testing ]
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sudo lb config -a amd64 -b iso-hybrid -d bionic -f minimal --mode ubuntu --system live \
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--iso-application Sol-OS --iso-publisher 'Sol-OS Live project; http://www.sol-os.com/' \
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--apt apt --interactive shell --binary-filesystem ext4 --bootloader grub-efi-amd64 \
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--compression bzip2 --chroot-filesystem squashfs --debian-installer live \
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--grub-splash SolOS.png --initramfs casper --initramfs-compression bzip2
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[ Release Build ] (Defines checksum type, caches programs, etc)
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sudo lb config -a amd64 -b iso-hybrid -d bionic -f minimal --mode ubuntu --system live \
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--iso-application Sol-OS --iso-publisher 'Sol-OS Live project; http://www.sol-os.com/' \
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--apt apt --interactive shell --binary-filesystem ext4 --bootloader grub-efi-amd64 \
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--compression bzip2 --chroot-filesystem squashfs --debian-installer live \
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--grub-splash SolOS.png --initramfs casper --initramfs-compression bzip2 \
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--checksums md5 --cache true --quiet
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sudo lb bootstrap
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sudo lb chroot
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sudo lb binary
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sudo lb build
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// Will clear cach, chroot, etc...
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sudo lb clean --all
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